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ߞߐߕߐ߮:Soudan français-Binger.jpg

ߞߐߕߐ߮ ߓߊߛߎ߲ ‏(߃,߈߃߄ × ߅,߂߉߈ ߖߌ߬ߦߊ߬ߘߊ߲ߕߊ߸ ߞߐߕߐ߮ ߢߊ߲ߞߊ߲: ߃.߆߇ MB߸ MIME ߛߎ߮ߦߊ:image/jpeg)

ߘߐ߬ߛߙߋ ߣߌ߲߬ ߦߋ߫ ߦߊ߲߬ ߠߋ߫ Wikimedia Commons ߖߊ߬ߕߋ߬ߘߐ߬ߛߌ߮ ߕߐ߭ ߟߎ߬ ߞߏ߬ߣߌ߲ ߘߌ߫ ߛߴߊ߬ ߟߊߓߊ߯ߙߊ߫ ߟߊ߫. ߊ߬ ߕߐ߯ ߛߓߍߟߌ ߦߙߐ ߞߐߕߐ߮ ߞߊ߲߬ߛߓߍߟߌ ߞߐߜߍ ߟߋ߬ ߦߋ߫ ߘߎ߰ߟߊ ߘߐ߫ ߣߌ߲߬.

ߕߐ߯ߟߊߘߏ߲ Carte du Soudan occidental et des régions explorées par le capitaine Binger de 1887 à 1889 / dressé par E. Giffault" publié dans Le Temps
ߕߎ߬ߡߊ߬ߘߊ
ߛߎ߲
Bibliothèque nationale de France
ߛߓߍߦߟߊ Emile Giffault, born 1850 (map)


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ߛߌ߬ߕߊ߬ߙߌ߬ ߞߋߟߋ߲߫ ߢߊߦߌߘߊߟߌ ߝߙߊ߬ ߞߵߊ߬ ߦߌ߬ߘߊ߬ ߞߐߕߐ߮ ߣߌ߲߬ ߦߋ߫ ߡߍ߲ ߞߐߦߌ߬ߘߊ߬ ߟߊ߫.

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ߞߍߛߊ߲ߞߏ߁߉:߅߈, ߁߃ ߘߓߊ߬ߓߌߟߊ ߂߀߁߁ߡߊ߬ߦߟߍ߬ߡߊ߲߬ߠߌ߲ ߠߊߘߐ߯ߦߊߣߍ߲ ߕߎ߬ߡߊ߬ߘߊ ߣߌ߲߬ ߁߉:߅߈, ߁߃ ߘߓߊ߬ߓߌߟߊ ߂߀߁߁ ߠߊ߫߃,߈߃߄ × ߅,߂߉߈ (߃.߆߇ MB)Pmxbetter version
߁߈:߀߀, ߂߀ ߕߙߊߓߊ ߂߀߁߀ߡߊ߬ߦߟߍ߬ߡߊ߲߬ߠߌ߲ ߠߊߘߐ߯ߦߊߣߍ߲ ߕߎ߬ߡߊ߬ߘߊ ߣߌ߲߬ ߁߈:߀߀, ߂߀ ߕߙߊߓߊ ߂߀߁߀ ߠߊ߫߄߆߁ × ߆߃߉ (߉߃ KB)Ji-Elle{{Information |Description=''Carte du Soudan occidental et des régions explorées par le capitaine Binger de 1887 à 1889 / dressé par E. Giffault" publié dans ''Le Temps'' |Source=Gallica [http://gallica.bnf.fr/ark:/12148/btv1b77590794] |Date=1890

ߞߐߜߍ 1 ߟߎ߬ ߦߋ߫ ߞߐߕߐ߮ ߣߌ߲߬ ߠߊߓߊ߯ߙߊ߫ ߟߊ߫:

ߞߐߕߐ߮ ߟߊߓߊ߯ߙߊߟߌ߫ ߞߙߎߞߙߍ

ߥߞߌ߫ ߕߐ߭ ߢߌ߲߬ ߠߎ߬ ߦߋ߫ ߞߐߕߐ߮ ߣߌ߲߬ ߠߊߓߊ߯ߙߊ߫ ߟߊ߫:

ߡߋߕߊߘߕߊ߫

ߞߌ߬ߓߊ߬ߙߏ߬ߦߊ߬ߟߌ߬ ߜߘߍ߫ ߟߎ߫ ߦߋ߫ ߞߐߕߐ߮ ߣߌ߲߬ ߘߐ߫߸ ߊ߬ ߟߊߘߏ߲߬ߣߍ߲߬ ߦߋ߫ ߞߍ߫ ߟߊ߫ ߞߍߟߊ߲߫ ߡߍ߲ߛߍ߲ߡߊ ߟߋ߫ ߟߊ߫ ߥߟߊ߫ ߖߌ߬ߦߊ߬ߕߍ߬ߟߊ߲߸ ߞߵߊ߬ ߟߊߓߊ߯ߙߊ߫ ߥߟߊ߫ ߞߵߊ߬ ߡߍ߲ߛߍ߲ߡߊ.

ߣߴߊ߬ ߡߊߦߟߍ߬ߡߊ߲߬ ߣߍ߲߬ ߞߍ߫ ߘߊ߫ ߞߊ߬ ߓߴߊ߬ ߛߎ߲ߞߎ߲ ߡߊ߬߸ ߞߌ߬ߓߊ߬ߙߏ߬ߦߊ ߘߏ߫ ߟߎ߫ ߕߍ߫ ߣߊ߬ ߟߊߞߊ߲߬ߘߏ߬ ߟߊ߫ ߞߐߕߐ߯ ߡߊߦߟߍ߬ߡߊ߲߬ߣߍ߲ ߘߐ߫.

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