ߔߏߟߐ߲ߢ
ߔߏߟߐ߲ߢ (ߔߏߟߐ߲ߞߊ: ߔߐߟߛߑߞߊ [ߔߐߟߛߑߞߊ] (ߟߊߡߍ߲߫) ߡߍ߲ߞߊ߲ ߣߌ߲߬ ߠߊ߫ ߞߏ߫ ߘߐ߫)߸ ߝߐߢߊ߫ ߓߟߏߡߊߞߊ߬ߣߍ߲ ߦߋ߫ ߔߏߟߐ߲ߢ ߞߊ߲ߓߍ߲ (ߔߏߟߐ߲ߞߊ: Rzeczpospolita Polska] [c] (ߟߊߡߍ߲߫) ߡߍ߲ߞߊ߲ ߣߌ߲߬ ߠߊ߫ ߞߏ߫ ߟߊ߫), ߦߋ߫ ߞߊ߬ߝߏ ߘߏ߫ ߟߋ߬ ߘߌ߫ ߡߍ߲ ߛߌ߰ߣߍ߲߬ ߦߋ߫ ߋߙߐߔߎ߬ ߕߊ߲ߓߊ߲ ߘߐ߫. ߊ߬ ߕߟߊߣߍ߲߫ ߦߋ߫ ߞߎ߲߬ߠߊ߬ߛߌ߰ߟߌ ߘߐ߬ߢߋ߬ߙߋ߲߬ߞߎ߲߬ߠߌ߲߬ ߁߆ ߟߋ߬ ߘߌ߫߸ ߊ߬ ߣߴߊ߬ ߝߊ߲߬ߝߘߊ߬ߧߊ ߛߌ߰ߣߍ߲߬ ߦߋ߫ ߞߎߘߍ߫ ߃߁߂ ߆߉߆ ߟߋ߬ ߞߊ߲߬ (ߡߟߌ ߝߘߎ߬ߓߍ߲߬ ߁߂0 ߇߃߃)߸ ߊ߬ ߣߴߊ߬ ߓߊ߲ߘߊ߫ ߘߐߝߊߟߋ߲ ߥߎ߬ߛߎ ߝߊ߲߬ߓߊ ߦߋ߫ ߓߊ߲ߘߊ߫ ߘߌߡߊ߲ ߠߋ߬ ߘߌ߫.
| ߊ߬ ߦߋ߫ ߡߍ߲ ߘߏ߫ ߘߌ߫ | ߋߙߐߔߎ߬ ߕߊ߲ߓߊ߲, ߋߙߐߔߎ߬ ߕߟߋ߬ߓߐ, ߋߙߐߔߎ߬ ߞߋ߬ߟߋ߲߬ߧߊ߬ߕߐ߲, ߋߙߐߔߎ߬ ߡߊ߬ߞߐ߬ߙߐ߲߬ߞߐ߬ߙߐ߲߬ߠߌ߲ ߞߣߍ  |
|---|---|
| ߟߊߝߟߐߕߎߡߊ | ߁߁ ߣߍߣߍߓߊ 1918 |
| ߞߎ߲߬ߠߊ߬ߛߌ߰ ߕߐ߮ | Rzeczpospolita Polska |
| ߕߐ߮ ߓߊߖߎ | Rzeczpospolita Polska, Polska |
| ߕߐ߯ ߛߎߘߎ߲ | Polska |
| ߛߌߦߊ | Poles, Silesians, ߊߟߌߡߊ߲, Ukrainians in Poland |
| ߊ߬ ߕߐ߮ ߡߊߛߐ߬ߘߐ߲߬ߣߍ߲߬ ߦߋ߫ ߡߍ߲ ߝߍ߬ | Polans |
| ߞߎ߲߬ߠߊ߬ߛߌ߰ߟߌ߬ ߞߊ߲ | Polish |
| ߞߎ߲߬ߘߐ߲ߞߟߌ | Poland Is Not Yet Lost |
| ߟߐ߲ߠߌ߲ߧߊ | culture of Poland |
| ߞߎ߲߬ߧߊ߬ߘߐ ߞߣߐ ߘߐ | Move your imagination, Dychmyga! |
| ߜߙߋ | ߋߙߐߔߎ߬ |
| ߖߡߊ߬ߣߊ߫ | ߔߏߟߐ߲ߢ |
| ߞߎߓߋߘߊ | Warszawa |
| ߕߌ߲߬ߞߎߘߎ߲ ߕߎ߬ߡߊ߬ߙߋ߲ | Central European Time, UTC+01:00, UTC+02:00, Europe/Warsaw, Central European Summer Time |
| ߘߎ߰ߡߊ߬ߛߓߍ ߛߌ߰ߝߏ߲ | ߅߂°߀′߀″N ߁߉°߀′߀″E |
| ߕߟߋ߬ߓߐ ߞߐߞߘߐߟߊ ߡߌ߬ߘߊ߬ߖߟߎ | ߅߀°߅߂′߁߀″N ߂߄°߈′߄߄″E |
| ߞߐߘߎ | ߅߄°߄߉′߄߈″N ߁߈°߁߈′߀″E |
| ߥߙߏ߬ߘߎ߮ ߞߐߞߘߐߟߊ ߡߌ߬ߘߊ߬ߖߟߎ | ߄߉°߀′߉″N ߂߂°߅߀′߅߀″E |
| Coordinates of westernmost point | ߅߂°߅߀′߂߉″N ߁߄°߇′߂߄″E |
| ߘߎ߰ߡߊ߬ߛߓߍ ߘߎ߰ߛߎߡߊ߲ | Data:Poland.map |
| ߦߙߐ߫ ߡߊߦߟߍ߬ߣߍ߲ | Rysy |
| ߦߙߐ߫ ߡߊߖߌ߰ߣߍ߲ | Żuławy Wiślane, Raczki Elbląskie |
| Basic form of government | parliamentary system, ߞߊ߬ߝߏ߫ ߞߎ߲߬ߞߋߟߋ߲, semi-presidential system |
| ߞߊ߲ߕߌ߮ ߟߊ߫ ߓߙߊ߫ | President of the Republic of Poland |
| ߞߊ߬ߝߏ ߞߎ߲߬ߕߌ߮ | Andrzej Duda |
| ߖߡߊ߬ߣߊ߫ ߞߏߕߌ߯ ߛߓߍߘߊ | Prime Minister of Poland |
| ߟߥߊ߬ߟߌ߬ߟߌ ߞߎ߲߬ߕߌ߮ | Donald Tusk |
| Has cabinet | Council of Ministers |
| ߝߊ߲߬ߞߊ ߟߊߓߏ߬ߙߌ߬ߓߊ߮ | Council of Ministers |
| ߥߛߊ߬ߘߋ߲ ߠߎ߬ | Parliament of Poland |
| ߞߕߌߦߊ ߛߊ߲ߘߐߕߊ | Supreme Court of Poland |
| ߕߊ߲ߓߊ߲ ߜߍߓߏ߲ | Narodowy Bank Polski |
| Currency | złoty |
| ߓߏ߬ߙߌ߬ߝߋ߲ ߠߎ߬ ߓߏ߬ߙߌ߬ߝߊ߲ | ߓߘߍ߫ |
| ߧߎߡߍߓߎߦߌ ߛߎ | Europlug, Type E |
| ߣߘߐߓߌߟߊ | Congress Poland, Regency Council, Republic of Tarnobrzeg, Rada Narodowa Księstwa Cieszyńskiego, Polish People's Republic |
| ߞߐ߲ߘߐ߲߫ ߛߐ߬ߘߐ߲߬ߣߍ߲ | Thomas Merton Award |
| Hashtag | Poland |
| ߓߟߐߟߐߛߙߋ | .pl |
| Main regulatory text | Constitution of Poland |
| ߖߡߊ߬ߣߊ߫ ߖߏ߲߬ߖߏ߲ | flag of Poland |
| Coat of arms | coat of arms of Poland |
| ߘߎ߰ߡߊ߬ߛߓߍ | geography of Poland |
| ߊ߬ ߘߎ߲߬ߘߎ߲߬ߡߦߊ߬ߣߍ߲߫ | free country |
| ߘߐ߬ߝߐ | history of Poland |
| Patron saint | Adalbert of Prague, Stanislaus of Szczepanów |
| Railway traffic side | ߓߘߍ߫ |
| Open data portal | Poland's Open Data Portal |
| Economy of topic | economy of Poland |
| Demographics of topic | demographics of Poland |
| Gregorian calendar start date | ߁߅ ߞߏ߲ߓߌߕߌ߮ 1582 |
| ߕߎ߲ߞߊ߲ ߞߟߌߟߌߛߙߋ ߂ | 260 |
| ߕߎ߲ߞߊ߲ ߞߟߌߟߌߛߙߋ ߁ | +48 |
| Trunk prefix | ߡߐ߬ߟߐ߲߬ ߕߴߦߋ߲߬ |
| ߜߍ߬ߘߍ߲߬ߘߐ߬ ߞߟߌߟߌ ߝߙߍߕߍ | 112, 986, 998, 999, 997 |
| GS1 country code | 590 |
| Licence plate code | PL |
| Maritime identification digits | 261 |
| Unicode character | 🇵🇱 |
| Category for honorary citizens of entity | Category:Honorary citizens from Poland |
| ߘߎ߰ߡߊ߬ߛߓߍ ߔߊ߬ߔߘߊ ߟߎ߬ ߦߌߟߡߊ | Category:Maps of Poland |
ߊ߬ ߛߌ߰ߓߊ߮ ߦߋ߫ ߡߐ߱ ߞߋ߲߬ߥߟߎ߬ ߃߈,߅ ߡߊߜߍ߲ ߠߋ߬ ߘߐ߫߸ ߔߐߟߐ߲ߢ ߠߋ߬ ߦߋ߫ ߋߙߐߔߎ߬ ߘߍ߭ ߛߌ߲߬ߝߏ߲ ߞߊ߬ߝߏ߫ ߖߡߊ߬ߓߊ߬ߕߌ߮ ߅߲ ߘߌ߫. ߝ߭ߊߙߑߛߏߝ߭ߌ߫ ߟߋ߬ ߦߋ߫ ߔߏߟߐ߲ߢ ߛߏߓߊ ߣߴߊ߬ ߞߎߓߋߘߊ ߘߌ߫. ߊ߬ ߘߎ߰ߓߊ߬ ߜߘߍ ߕߐ߭ ߟߎ߬ ߦߋ߫ ߞߑߙߊߞߏߝ߭ߌ߫߸ ߟߐߘߖ߭߸ ߥߑߙߏߞߑߟߊߥ߸ ߔߏߖ߭ߑߣߊ߲ߣ߸ ߜ߭ߑߘߊ߲ߛߞ߸ ߊ߬ ߣߌ߫ ߛߖ߭ߑߖ߭ߋߛߍ߲߫. ߘߊ߲߭ ߦߋ߫ ߔߏߟߐ߲ߢ ߣߌ߫ ߟߌ߲ߓߊ߲߫ ߛߌ߲߬ߓߌ߬ߟߊ ߕߍ߫߸ ߟߌߕߎߊߣߌ߫ ߣߌ߫ ߞߊߟߋߣߌ߲ߜ߭ߑߙߊߘ ߕߍ߫ ߞߐ߬ߘߎ߮ ߘߐ߫ ߌ߬ߙߌ߬ߛߌ߬߸ ߓߌߦߋߟߏߙߎߛߌ߫ ߣߌ߫ ߎߞߑߙߍ߲ߣ ߠߎ߫ ߕߍ߫ ߕߟߋ߬ߓߐ ߘߐ߫߸ ߛߑߟߏߝ߭ߊߞߌ߫ ߣߌ߫ ߗߍߞߌ߬ ߞߊ߲ߓߍ߲ ߠߎ߬ ߕߍ߫ ߥߙߏ߬ߘߎ߮ ߘߐ߫߸ ߊ߬ ߣߴߊߟߏߡߊ߲ߘߎ߯ ߕߍ߫ ߕߟߋ߬ߓߋ ߘߐ߫. ߡߐ߱ ߝߏ߲߬ߝߏ߲߬ߣߊ߲ ߓߌ߬ߟߊ ߔߏߟߐ߲ߢ ߘߎ߰ߞߟߏ ߞߊ߲߬ ߏ߬ ߦߋ߫ ߥߊ߫ ߟߊ߫ ߓߌ߬ߟߊ߬ ߟߊ߫ ߤߊ߲߯ ߛߊ߲߬ ߅߀߀ ߀߀߀ ߡߊߜߍ߲ ߘߐ߫. ߞߵߊ߬ ߘߊߡߌ߬ߣߊ߬ ߣߍ߰ߝߌ߲ ߥߎ߬ߛߎ ߡߊ߬ ߛߊ߫߸ ߕߌ߲߬ߞߎߘߎ߲ ߥߊ߫ ߘߊ߫ ߓߐ߫ ߢߐ߲߯ߡߊ߬ ߟߐ߲ߣߌ߲ߦߊ ߣߌ߫ ߛߌߦߊ߫ ߓߐߣߍ߲ߢߐ߲߰ߡߊ ߟߎ߬ ߞߵߊ߬ߟߎ߬ ߡߊߞߍ߫ ߋߙߐߔߎ߬ ߕߊ߲ߓߊ߲ ߝߙߊ߬ߡߊ߬ߦߙߐ߬ ߘߐߝߎߟߋ߲ߣߍ߲ ߣߌ߲߬ ߘߐ߫. ߞߏ߬ߣߌ߲߬ ߔߏߟߊ߲ ߕߟߋ߬ߓߋ߬ߞߊ ߟߎ߬ ߟߋ߬ ߛߌߦߊߡߊ߲߫ ߊ߬ ߕߌ߲߬ߞߎߘߎ߲ ߘߐ߫߸ ߏ߬ ߟߎ߫ ߟߋ߬ ߞߵߊ߬ߟߎ߬ ߕߐ߮ ߘߴߊ߬ ߕߌ߲߬ߞߎߘߎ߲ ߡߊ߬ ߞߏ߫ ߔߏߟߊ߲ߘ (ߔߐߟߐ߲ߢ). ߔߐߟߐ߲ߢ ߕߐ߮ ߟߊ߫ ߝߟߐ ߕߌ߲߬ߞߎߘߎ߲ ߣߌ߲߬ ߞߊ߲߬߸ ߏ߬ ߦߋ߫ ߥߊ߫ ߟߊ߫ ߓߌ߬ߟߊ߬ ߟߊ߫ ߉߆߆ ߟߋ߬ ߡߊ߬ ߌ.ߡ ߞߐ߫߸ ߞߵߊ߬ ߕߘߍ߬ [[ߡߍߛߖ߭ߑߞߏ߫ ߁߭]✓ ߦߋ߫ ߡߊ߲߬ߛߊ߬ߟߊ߫ ߘߐߥߙߊ߬ߣߍ߲ ߡߊ߬ߙߊ ߞߊ߲߬ ߔߐߟߐ߲ߢ ߓߌ߬ߡߊ ߘߎ߰ߞߟߏ ߞߊ߲߬߸ ߏ߬ ߘߏ߲߬ ߘߊ߫ ߌߛߟߊߞߦߊ ߘߐ߫. ߔߐߟߐ߲ߢ ߡߊ߲߬ߛߊ߬ߟߊ ߜߙߋ߬ߡߊߕߍ߰ ߘߊ߫ ߁߀߂߅ ߟߋ߬ ߟߊ߫߸ ߊ߬ ߣߌ߫ ߞߵߊ߬ ߟߊ߫ ߓߘߍ߬ߓߘߍ߬ߟߌ ߞߏߟߊߘߍߢߐ߲߯ߦߊ ߝߍ߬ߖߛߐ߫ ߥߊ߯ߕߌ ߞߎ߲߬ߕߊ߰ ߖߊ߲ ߞߘߐ߫ ߟߌߕߎߊߣߌ߫ ߡߊ߲߬ߛߊ߬ ߓߟߋߓߟߋ (ߜ߭ߊߙߊ߲ߘ ߘߎ߳ߛ߭) ߝߍ߬ ߞߊ߬ ߟߎߓߑߟߍ߲߫ ߘߍ߭ ߞߟߊ߬ߣߐ߬ߦߊ߫. ߘߍ߭ ߏ߬ ߟߋ ߞߍ߫ ߘߊ߫ ߔߐߟߐ߲ߢ ߣߌ߫ ߟߌߕߎߊߣߌ߫ ߟߎ߫ ߟߊ߫ ߞߐߡߐ߲ߥߍߟߕ ߖߙߎߡߎ߲ ߘߌ߫߸ ߞߵߊ߬ ߞߍ߫ ߋߙߐߔߎ߬ ߞߊ߬ߝߏ ߟߎ߬ ߘߐ߫ ߓߟߋ߬ߓߟߋ (ߞߎߘߍ߫ ߝߘߎ߬߬ߓߍ߲߫ ߁߀߀ ߀߀߀ - ߡߟߌ ߝߘߎ߬ߓߍ߲߬ ߄߀߀ ߀߀߀) ߣߴߊ߬ ߓߍ߯ ߘߐ߫ ߖߡߊ߬ߓߊ߬ߕߌ߮ ߘߌ߫ ߝߊ߯ߘߐߞߍ߫ ߁߆߲ ߣߌ߫ ߁߇ ߞߎ߲߬ߕߊ߮ ߞߘߐ߫߸ ߞߊ߬ ߓߊ߲߫ ߞߵߊ߬ ߞߍ߫ ߓߘߍ߬ߓߘߍ߬ߟߌ߬ ߞߊ߲ߞߋ ߞߊ߲ߠߊߓߌ߬ߟߊ߬ߣߍ߲ ߞߋ߲ߟߋ߲ ߘߌ߫ ߡߍ߲ ߝߊ߬ߛߏ߬ߟߊ߬ߞߊ ߛߌ߰ߞߊ߲ ߛߓߍ߫ ߘߊ߫߸ ߘߓߊ߬ߕߊ ߃ ߛߌ߰ߞߊ߲ ߁߇߉߁ ߠߊ߫. ߖߡߊ߬ߣߊ ߣߊ߬ ߥߊ߯ߕߌ߫ ߞߍ߫ ߟߊ ߢߊߛߎߡߊ ߣߌ߫ ߖߛߎ߬ߛߎߡߊ ߘߐ߫߸ ߖߡߊ߬ߣߊ ߘߐߝߘߊ߫ ߘߊ߫ ߛߌ߰ߢߐ߲߰ ߖߡߊߣߊ ߟߎ߬ ߓߟߏ߫ ߝߊ߯ߘߐߞߍ߫ ߁߈߲ ߓߊ߲߫ ߕߎߡߊ ߟߊ߫߸ ߞߊ߬ ߓߊ߲߫ ߞߵߊ߬ ߟߊ߫ ߘߍ߲ߖߘߍߟߦߊ ߛߐ߬ߘߐ߲߬ ߁߉߁߈ ߠߊ߫ ߝ߭ߍߙߑߛߊߦ ߓߍ߲߬ߞߊ߲ ߘߐ߫. ߘߎ߰ߞߟߏ߬ ߝߍ߬ ߝߐߢߐ߲߯ߞߐ ߘߏ߫ ߟߎ߫ ߕߊ߬ߡߌ߲ ߞߐ߫߸ ߔߏߟߐ߲ߢ ߛߌߦߊߥߙߍߡߊ ߞߵߊ߬ ߟߐ߬ߘߎ߮ ߞߟߊ߬ߟߊ߬ߡߊ ߡߊߛߐ߬ߘߐ߲߬ ߋߙߐߔߎ߬ ߓߘߍ߬ߓߘߍ߬ߟߌ ߡߊ߬ߝߊ߲ ߝߍ߬. ߁߉߃߉ ߕߎߟߊߝߌ߲ ߠߊ߫߸ ߖߊ߯ߓߊ߫ ߞߟߍ߫ ߝߌߟߊߣߊ߲ ߘߊߡߌ߬ߣߊ߬ ߘߊ߫ ߔߐߟߐ߲ߢ ߝߌ߬ߙߌ߲߬ߕߊߥߏ ߡߴߊߟߏߡߊ߲ߘߎ߯ ߓߟߏ߫ ߡߟߏߕߏߝ߭-ߙߌߓߍ߲ߕߑߙߏߔ ߓߍ߲߬ߞߊ߲ ߞߏߛߐ߲߬. ߝߊߦߌߘߊ߫ ߔߐߟߐ߲ߞߊ ߞߋ߲߬ߥߟߎ߬ ߥߐ߯ߙߐ߫ ߕߏ߫ ߘߊ߫ ߞߍ߬ߟߍ ߏ߬ ߘߐ߫ ߡߍ߲ %߉߀ ߕߘߍ߬ ߦߋ߫ ߦߊ߬ߤߎ߬ߘߌߦߊ (ߗ߭ߎߌߝ / ߖߥߌߛ) ߟߎ߬ ߘߌ߫. ߁߉߄߇ ߟߊ߫߸ ߔߐߟߐ߲ߢ ߝߘߏ߬ߓߊ߬ߞߊ߲߬ߞߋ߬ ߞߊ߲ߓߍ߲ ߘߊߘߐߓߍ߲߬ ߘߊ߫ ߞߊ߬ߝߏ߬ ߞߐߓߌߟߊߡߊ ߖߙߎߡߎ߲ ߘߐ߫ ߛߏߝ߭ߌߦߋ ߟߊ߫ ߣߌ߬ߣߌ߬ߟߌ ߞߐ߬ߣߐߡߊ߬. ߁߉߈߉ ߥߎ߬ߦߊ߲߬ߞߌ߬ߟߌ ߘߎ߬ߛߊ߬ߜߍ߸ ߢߐ߲߯ߘߍߡߍ߲ ߕߏ߰ߝߏ ߟߊ߫ ߛߌߟߊ߫ ߛߐߘߐ߲ ߛߊߓߎ߫ ߟߊ߫߸ ߔߐߟߐ߲ߢ ߘߊߘߐߓߍ߲߬ ߘߊ߫ ߓߍ߯ߦߊ߫ ߞߊ߲ߓߍ߲ ߞߊ߲ߕߌ߯ߟߞߊ ߘߌ߫. ߔߏߟߐ߲ߢ ߦߋ߫ ߟߐ߯ߝߍ߫ (ߛߜ߭ߎߝߍ߫) ߛߓߊ߬ߕߌ߬ߣߍ߲߬ߓߊ ߣߌ߫ ߋߙߐߔߎ߬ ߕߊ߲ߓߊ߲ ߕߌ߲߬ߞߎߘߎ߲ ߝߊ߲߬ߞߊ߬ߡߊ ߟߋ߬ ߘߌ߫߸ ߋߙߐߔߎ߬ ߕߊ߲ߓߊ߲ ߣߴߊ߬ ߕߟߋ߬ߓߐ ߕߌ߲߬ߞߎߘߎ߲ ߓߊ߲߬ߘߊ߬ߡߌߘߊ ߟߎ߬ ߞߎ߲߬ߓߊ ߣߴߊ߬ ߡߐ߬ߟߐ߲߬ߡߊ ߦߴߊ߬ߟߋ ߟߋ߬ ߘߌ߫. ߊ߬ߟߋ ߟߋ߬ ߦߋ߫ ߋߙߐߔߎ߬ ߘߍ߭ ߡߊ߬ߞߐ߬ߙߐ߲߬ߞߐ߬ߙߐ߲߬ߠߌ߲߬ ߥߐ߯ߙߐߣߊ߲ ߘߌ߫ ߞ.ߥ.ߢ (ߞߘߐߟߊ ߥߟߏߒߘߐ ߢߊ߲ߞߌߛߊ߲) ߘߐ߫߸ ߊ߬ ߣߌ߫ ߋߙߐߔߎ߬ ߕߊ ߢߊ߬ߕߣߐ߬ߡߊ ߕߊ߲ߠߊ߲ ߘߌ߫. ߊ߬ ߦߋ߫ ߘߎߢߊ߫ ߡߊ߬ߞߐ߬ߙߐ߲߬ߞߐ߬ߙߐ߲߬ߠߌ߲߬ ߜߟߐߡߌ߲ߡߊ ߟߎ߬ ߘߏ߫ ߟߋ߬ ߘߌ߫߸ ߊ߬ ߛߋ߫ ߣߍ߲߫ ߦߋ߫ ߡߐ߱ ߟߊ߫ ߛߓߊ߬ߕߌ ߕߐ߰ߡߊ߬ߛߙߋ ߞߍ߬ߙߍ߲߬ߘߍ ߘߐ߫. ߔߐߟߐ߲ߢ ߦߋ߫ ߖߡߊ߬ߣߊ ߛߓߊ߬ߕߌ߬ߣߍ߲ ߠߋ߬ ߘߌ߫߸ ߡߊ߬ߞߐ߬ߙߐ߲߬ߞߐ߬ߙߐ߲߬ߠߌ߲ ߛߐ߬ߘߐ߲߬ߘߊ߬ߓߊ ߦߋ߫ ߡߍ߲ ߓߟߏ߫߸ ߊ߬ ߣߌ߫ ߢߣߊߡߦߊ ߞߊߓߋ߫ ߡߊߦߟߍ߬ߣߍ߲ ߣߌ߫ ߢߣߊߡߦߊ ߛߎ߯ߦߊ߸ ߟߊ߬ߞߊ߲߬ߘߊ߬ߟߌ߸ ߞߊ߬ߙߊ߲߸ ߊ߬ ߣߌ߫ ߡߊ߬ߞߐ߬ߙߐ߲߬ߞߐ߬ߙߐ߲߬ߣߌ߲߬ ߞߊ߲ߠߊߓߌ߬ߟߊ߬ߣߍ߲. ߞߊ߬ ߓߍ߲߬ ߞߊ߬ߙߊ߲ ߞߊ߲ߞߋ߫ ߟߊߛߓߊ߬ߕߌ߬ߣߍ߲ ߞߏ ߡߊ߬߸ ߞߊ߬ߝߏ ߦߋ߫ ߖߊ߯ߓߘߊ ߟߞߊ߬ߙߊ߲߬ߠߌ߲ ߣߌ߬ ߟߊ߫ ߟߋ߬߸ ߘߍ߬ߘߐ߬ߞߏ ߟߎ߬ ߟߊߞߊ߲ߘߊ ߦߋ߫ ߖߊ߯ߓߊ ߞߍ߲ߘߍߦߊ ߘߐ߫ ߘߊ߲ߘߊߟߌ ߟߋ߬ ߘߌ߫. ߡ.ߟ.ߛ.ߟ.ߟ.ߟ (ߎߣߍߛߑߞߏ) ߟߊ߫ ߘߎߢߊ߫ ߝߘߏ߬ߓߊ߬ߗߍ ߞߍߦߙߐ߫ ߁߆ ߟߋ߬ ߦߋ߫ ߔߏߟߊ߲ߘ߸ ߟߐ߲ߣߌ߲ߦߊ ߁߅ ߟߎ߫ ߦߴߏ߬ ߘߐ߫. ߔߐߟߐ߲ߢ ߦߋ߫ ߋߙߐߔߎ߬ ߘߍ߭ ߛߌ߲߬ߝߏ߲ ߘߏ߫ ߟߋ߬ ߘߌ߫߸ ߊ߬ ߣߌ߫ ߛ߭ߍ߲ߜ߭ߍ߲߫ ߞߣߍ߸ ߡߊ߲߬ߕߏ߲߫ ߘߍ߬ߣߍ߲߸ ߟ.ߡ.ߞ.ߓ.ߘ (ߏߕߊ߲ / ߣߋߕߏ)߸ ߡߊ߬ߞߐ߬ߙߐ߲߬ߞߐ߬ߙߐ߲߬ߠߌ߲ ߣߌ߫ ߣߝߊ߬ߢߐ߲߰ߦߊ ߟߊߛߓߊ߬ߕߌ ߛߌ߲߬ߝߏ߲߬ߧߊ߬ߟߌ ߡ.ߣ.ߟ.ߛ߸ ߞߐ߰ߖߌ߫ ߛߊ߬ߓߊ ߘߟߊߘߍ߯ߟߌ߸ ߝ߭ߌߛߋߜ߭ߑߙߊߘ ߘߍ߭߸ ߊ߬ ߣߴߊ߬ ߓߘߊ߫ ߡߊߞߟߌ߫ ߞ߂߀ (G20).
ߝߐߓߏߟߏ߲ߟߐ߲ߘߐߦߊ
ߊ߬ ߡߊߦߟߍ߬ߡߊ߲߬ߔߏߟߐ߲ߢ ߕߐ߮ ߓߐߛߎ߲ «ߔߏߟߊ߲ߘ» ߓߐߣߍ߲߫ ߦߋ߫ ߟߋߛ߭ߑߕߞߌ ߛߌߦߊ ߟߎ߬ ߟߊ߫ ߔߏߟߊ߲ߛ (ߔߏߟߊߣߌ߫) ߟߋ߬ ߘߐ߫߸ ߏ߬ ߟߎ߬ ߡߍ߲ ߠߎ߬ ߛߌ߰ߣߍ߲߫ ߕߘߍ߬ ߦߋ߫ ߥߊߙߑߕߊ߫ ߝߏ߲ߝߊ߲ ߞߣߐ߫ ߓߌ߭ߦߌ߲߬ ߔߏߟߐ߲ߢ ߓߊ ߕߌ߲߬ߞߎߘߎ߲ ߘߐ߫ ߝߊ߯ߘߐߞߍ߫ ߆߲ ߞߎ߲߬ߕߊ߮ ߞߘߐ߫. ߔߏߟߊߣߌ߫ ߖߍ߬ߘߍ ߝߣߊ߫ ߓߐߣߍ߲߫ ߦߋ߫ ߛߑߟߊߝ߭ ߞߎ߲߬ߝߟߐ ߞߎߡߊߘߋ߲ ߔߐߟ ߟߋ߬ ߘߐ߫߸ ߡߍ߲ ߞߘߐ ߦߋ߫ ߘߎ߰ߞߟߏ (ߘߎ߰ߞߣߍ) ߘߌ߫. ߒ߬ߞߊ߬ ߞߊ߲߫ ߜߘߍ ߟߎ߬ ߝߣߊ߫ ߘߐ߫߸ ߦߏ߫ ߤߐ߲ߜ߭ߙߌ߸ ߟߌߕߎߊߣߌߞߊ߲߸ ߔߍߙߑߛߌ ߊ߬ ߣߌ߫ ߕߎߙߑߞߌ ߟߎ߬߸ ߞߏ߫ ߖߡߊ߬ߣߊ ߕߐ߮ ߓߐ߫ ߣߍ߲߫ ߦߋ߫ ߟߍ߲ߘߌߦߊ߲ (ߟߋߘߖ߭ߌߦߊߣߌ߫ ߥߟߊ߫ ߟߊߛ߭ߌ) ߟߎ߬ ߡߍ߲ ߠߎ߬ ߛߌ߰ߣߍ߲߫ ߕߘߍ߬ ߦߋ߫ ߕߋ߲߭ߕߋ߲߭ ߔߐߟߐ߲ߢ ߥߙߏ߬ߘߎ߮ ߕߟߋ߬ߓߐ ߞߐߞߘߐߟߊ ߘߐ߫߸ ߡߍ߲ ߠߎ߬ ߕߘߍ߬ ߦߋ߫ ߛ߭ߍߙߑߝ߭ߍ߲ ߜ߭ߑߙߐߘ (ߛߏ߫ ߥߎߟߋ߲) ߝߊ߯ߘߐߞߍ߫ ߇߲ ߣߌ߫ ߁߁߲ ߕߍߟߊ ߘߐ߫߸ ߏ߬ ߕߘߍ߬ ߦߋ߫ ߘߎ߱ ߟߋ߬ ߘߐ߫ ߡߍ߲ ߞߎ߲߬ߠߊߛߌ߰ߣߍ߲߫ ߕߘߍ߬ ߦߋ߫ ߔߏߟߊ߲ߛ ߟߎ߬ ߓߟߏ߫. ߊ߬ߟߎ߬ ߕߐ߮ ߓߐߣߍ߲߫ ߦߋ߫ ߔߏߟߐ߲ߞߊ߲ ߞߎߡߊߘߋ߲߫ ߟߍߘߊ߫ ߟߋ߬ ߘߐ߫ (ߘߎ߰ߞߣߍ߬ ߘߊߦߟߍ߬ߣߍ߲ ߥߟߊ߫ ߝߊ߬ߙߊ.