ߝߊ߬ߙߊ߲߬ߛߌ߫
ߦߌߟߡߊ ߣߌ߲߬ ߞߎߡߊ߫ ߟߊ߫ ߖߡߊ߬ߣߊ ߟߋ߬ ߞߊ߲߬߸ ߡߍ߲ ߦߋ߫ ߞߟߌ߫ ߟߊ߫ ߓߌ߬ ߞߏ߫ ߝߊ߬ߙߊ߲߬ߛߌ߬ ߞߊ߲ߓߍ߲. ߊ߬ ߕߐ߮ ߟߊߓߊ߯ߙߊ߫ ߢߊ߫ ߜߘߍ ߟߎ߬ ߘߐ߫߸ ߏ߬ ߘߏ߫ ߟߋ߬ ߦߋ߫ ߝߊ߬ߙߊ߲߬ߛߌ߬ ߘߌ߫. ߝߊ߬ߙߊ߲߬ߛߌ߬ ߟߊ߫ ߓߘߍ߬ߓߘߍ߬ߟߌ ߕߊ߯ߛߌߟߊ ߟߎ߬ ߝߘߏ߬ߓߊ߬ ߝߐߟߌ ߘߐ߫߸ ߝߊ߬ߙߊ߲߬ߛߌ߬ ߞߊ߲ߓߍ߲ ߝߐߟߌ ߘߊߡߌ߬ߣߊ߬ ߘߊ߫ ߞߊ߬ߦߌ߯ ߁߈߇߅ ߟߋ߬ ߟߊ߫߸ ߊ߬ ߦߋ߫ ߖߡߊ߬ߣߊ߫ ߡߊ߲߭ߕߎ߬ߙߋ ߟߋ߬ ߘߌ߫ ߡߍ߲ ߛߌ߰ߦߌߟߊ ߦߋ߫ ߋߙߐߔߎ߬ ߕߟߋ߬ߓߋ ߘߐ߫. ߓߐߕߏ߲ ߦߋ߫ ߝߊ߬ߙߊ߲߬ߛߌ߬ ߣߌ߫ ߓߍߟߑߗ߭ߌߞ ߕߍ߫߸ ߟߎߞߑߛߍ߲ߓߎߙߜ߭ ߕߍ߫߸ ߊߟߌߡߊ߲ߘߎ߯ ߕߍ߫߸ ߛߎߌߛ ߕߍ߫߸ ߌߕߊߟߌ߫ ߕߍ߫߸ ߊߛߌߔߊ߲߫ ߕߍ߫߸ ߊ߬ ߣߌ߫ ߊ߲ߘߐ߯ߙ ߓߊߖߎߡߊ ߣߌ߫ ߡߏߣߊߞߏ߸ ߊ߬ ߣߴߊ߬ ߛߌ߰ߣߍ߲߬ ߦߋ߫ ߞߐ߰ߖߌ ߢߌ߲߬ ߠߎ߬ ߝߣߊ߫ ߝߍ߬߸ ߟߌ߲ߓߊ߲߫ ߡߊ߲ߞߊ߲߸ ߡߊ߲ߛ߭߸ ߞߐ߬ߘߎ߮ ߞߐ߰ߖߌ߸ ߊ߬ ߣߌ߫ ߕߍߡߊߞߐ߯ߖߌ. ߊ߬ ߟߊ߫ ߘߎ߰ߞߟߏ ߡߍ߲ ߦߋ߫ ߟߌ߲ߓߊ߲ ߢߊߝߍ߬߸ ߏ߬ ߘߏ߫ ߟߎ߫ ߦߋ߫ ߌ߲ߘߌ߫ ߟߌ߲ߓߊ߲ ߢߊߝߍ߬߸ ߟߌ߲ߓߊ߲߫ ߡߊ߲ߞߊ߲ ߢߊߝߍ߬߸ ߊ߬ ߣߌ߫ ߥߙߏ߬ߘߎ߰ ߊߡߋߙߌߞߌ߬ ߜߙߋ ߞߊ߲߬߸ ߏ߬ ߣߌ߫ ߓߙߋߖ߭ߌߟ ߓߐߕߏ߲ߢߐ߲߮ ߠߎ߬߸ ߛߎߙߌߣߊߡ߸ ߊ߬ ߣߌ߫ ߤߏߟߊ߲ߘߌ߬ ߡߊ߲߬ߛߊ߬ߟߊ ߘߐ߫.
ߊ߬ ߦߋ߫ ߡߍ߲ ߘߏ߫ ߘߌ߫ | Western Europe, Pyrenees–Mediterranean Euroregion ![]() |
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ߟߊߝߟߐߕߎߡߊ | ߄ ߞߏ߲ߓߌߕߌ߮ 1958 ![]() |
ߕߐ ߓߊߞߘߐ | République française ![]() |
ߕߐ ߞߘߎ ߣߌ | ߝߊ߬ߙߊ߲߬ߛߌ߬ ![]() |
ߊ߬ ߕߐ߮ ߡߊߛߐ߬ߘߐ߲߬ߣߍ߲߬ ߦߋ߫ ߡߍ߲ ߝߍ߬ | ߝߊߙߊ߲ߞߛ ![]() |
ߞߊ ߞߎ߲߬ߠߊ߬ߛߌ߬ߕߊ | ߝߙߊ߲߬ߛߍ߬ߞߊ߲ ![]() |
ߞߎ߲߬ߘߐ߲ߞߟߌ | ߡߊ߬ߙߑߛߊ߬ߦߌ߬ߞߊ ![]() |
ߟߐ߲ߠߌ߲ߧߊ | ߝߊ߬ߙߊ߲߬ߛߌ߬ ߟߐ߲ߠߌ߲ߧߊ ![]() |
ߞߎ߲߬ߧߊ߬ߘߐ | ߖߍߘߍ߬ߕߌ߬ߦߊ-ߞߦߊߟߌ-ߝߊߘߋ߲ߢߊ ![]() |
ߞߎ߲߬ߧߊ߬ߘߐ ߞߣߐ ߘߐ | Liberté, égalité, fraternité ![]() |
ߜߙߋ | ߋߙߐߔߎ߬ ![]() |
ߖߡߊ߬ߣߊ߫ | ߝߊ߬ߙߊ߲߬ߛߌ߫ ![]() |
ߞߎߓߋߘߊ | ߔߊ߬ߙߌ߬ ![]() |
ߖߌߡߊߦߙߐ | English Channel, ߟߌ߲ߓߊ߲߫ ߡߊ߲ߞߊ߲, North Sea, ߕߍߡߊߞߐ߯ߖߌ ![]() |
ߘߎ߰ߡߊ߬ߛߓߍ ߛߌ߰ߝߏ߲ | ߄߇°߀′߀″N ߂°߀′߀″E ![]() |
ߕߟߋ߬ߓߐ ߞߐߞߘߐߟߊ ߡߌ߬ߘߊ߬ߖߟߎ | ߄߂°߁߆′߅߆″N ߉°߃߃′߃߆″E, ߂߁°߆′߀″S ߅߅°߄߇′߀″E ![]() |
ߞߐߘߎ | ߅߁°߄′߁߈″N ߂°߃߁′߄߂″E ![]() |
ߥߙߏ߬ߘߎ߮ ߞߐߞߘߐߟߊ ߡߌ߬ߘߊ߬ߖߟߎ | ߄߂°߁߉′߅߉″N ߂°߃߁′߅߉″E, ߂߁°߂߂′߀″S ߅߅°߃߇′߀″E ![]() |
Coordinates of westernmost point | ߄߈°߂߆′߄߅″N ߅°߉′߄″W ![]() |
Geoshape | Data:France.map ![]() |
ߦߙߐ߫ ߡߊߦߟߍ߬ߣߍ߲ | ߞߙߎ߬ ߜߍ ![]() |
ߦߙߐ߫ ߡߊߖߌ߰ߣߍ߲ | Étang de Lavalduc ![]() |
Basic form of government | semi-presidential system ![]() |
ߞߊ߲ߕߌ߮ ߟߊ߫ ߓߙߊ߫ | President of the French Republic ![]() |
ߞߊ߬ߝߏ ߞߎ߲߬ߕߌ߮ | Emmanuel Macron ![]() |
ߖߡߊ߬ߣߊ߫ ߞߏߕߌ߯ ߛߓߍߘߊ | Prime Minister of France ![]() |
ߟߥߊ߬ߟߌ߬ߟߌ ߞߎ߲߬ߕߌ߮ | Jean Castex ![]() |
ߝߊ߲߬ߞߊ ߟߊߓߏ߬ߙߌ߬ߓߊ߮ | Government of France ![]() |
ߥߛߊ߬ߘߋ߲ ߠߎ߬ | ߝߊ߬ߙߊ߲߬ߛߌ߫ ߝߊ߬ߛߏ߬ߜߙߊ ![]() |
ߞߕߌߦߊ ߛߊ߲ߘߐߕߊ | Court of Cassation, Conseil d'Etat, Court of Audit, Constitutional Council of France, Cour de Justice de la République ![]() |
ߓߊ߯ߙߓߊߟߌߦߊ߫ ߟߏ߲ | Bastille Day ![]() |
ߕߌ߲߬ߞߎߘߎ߲ ߕߎ߬ߡߊ߬ߙߋ߲ | UTC+01:00 ![]() |
Currency | euro ![]() |
ߝߌ߬ߟߊ߬ߣߍ߲߬ߢߐ߲߮ | Seto ![]() |
Coextensive with | France ![]() |
ߊ߬ ߞߊ߬ߙߊ߲߬ ߘߊ߫ | francology ![]() |
ߖߎ߬ߓߌ߬ߟߊ߬ߟߌ߬ ߞߟߏߜߍ | Constitution of France ![]() |
ߓߏ߬ߙߌ߬ߝߋ߲ ߠߎ߬ ߓߏ߬ߙߌ߬ߝߊ߲ | ߓߘߍ߫ ![]() |
ߧߎߡߍߓߎߦߌ ߛߎ | Europlug, Type E ![]() |
ߊ߬ ߕߘߍ߬ߒ߬ߘߐ߬ߟߌ ߟߎ߫ | Rif War ![]() |
ߣߘߐߓߌߟߊ | Q3559284, Kingdom of Bora Bora ![]() |
ߖߡߊ߬ߣߊ߫ ߞߊ߲ | French of France ![]() |
ߞߐ߲ߘߐ߲߫ ߛߐ߬ߘߐ߲߬ߣߍ߲ | Lagun Onari, The Economist country of the year ![]() |
ߛߓߍߛߎ߲߫ ߞߊ߲ߡߊߛߙߋߡߊ ߖߊ߯ߓߡߊ ߓߊߦߟߍߡߊ߲ | fʁɑ̃s ![]() |
Has facility | roundabout ![]() |
ߓߟߐߟߐ | http://www.france.fr/, https://us.france.fr/en ![]() |
External data available at | https://www.data.gouv.fr/ ![]() |
ߖߡߊ߬ߣߊ߫ ߖߏ߲߬ߖߏ߲ | flag of France ![]() |
Coat of arms | Coat of arms of France ![]() |
Seal description | Great Seal of France ![]() |
ߊ߬ ߘߎ߲߬ߘߎ߲߬ߡߦߊ߬ߣߍ߲߫ | free country ![]() |
ߓߟߐߟߐߛߙߋ | .fr ![]() |
ߘߎ߰ߡߊ߬ߛߓߍ | geography of France ![]() |
ߘߐ߬ߝߐ | history of France ![]() |
Railway traffic side | ߣߎߡߊ߲ߓߟߏ, ߓߘߍ߫ ![]() |
Has works in the collection | National Gallery of Victoria ![]() |
Open Data portal | data.gouv.fr ![]() |
Economy of topic | economy of France ![]() |
Demographics of topic | demographics of France ![]() |
Gregorian calendar start date | ߂߀ ߞߏߟߌ߲ߞߏߟߌ߲ 1582, ߁ ߓߌ߲ߠߊߥߎߟߋ߲ 1806 ![]() |
ߕߎ߲ߞߊ߲ ߞߟߌߟߌߛߙߋ ߂ | 208 ![]() |
ߕߎ߲ߞߊ߲ ߞߟߌߟߌߛߙߋ ߁ | +33 ![]() |
Trunk prefix | 0 ![]() |
ߜߍ߬ߘߍ߲߬ߘߐ߬ ߞߟߌߟߌ ߝߙߍߕߍ | 112, 15, 17, 18, 114 ![]() |
GS1 country code | 300-379 ![]() |
Licence plate code | F ![]() |
Maritime identification digits | 226, 227, 228 ![]() |
Stack Exchange tag | https://travel.stackexchange.com/tags/france ![]() |
Unicode character | 🇫🇷 ![]() |
ߘߎ߰ߡߊ߬ߛߓߍ ߔߊ߬ߔߘߊ ߟߎ߬ ߦߌߟߡߊ | Category:Maps of France ![]() |

ߝߊ߬ߘߊ߲߬ߞߊ: ߞߊ߲߲߲߲ߠߊߓߌߟߊ߸ ߘߐ߬ߞߢߊ߬ߟߌ߸ ߓߊߘߋ߲ߧߊ | |
ߞߎ߲߬ߘߐ߲ߞߟߌ: ߡߊ߬ߙߑߛߊ߬ߦߌ߬ߞߊ | |
ߝߊ߬ߙߊ߲߬ߛߌ߬ ߞߊ߲ߓߍ߲ ߕߊ߲߬ߞߊ߬ߟߊ߲ | |
ߝߊ߬ߙߊ߲߬ߛߌ߬ ߦߋ߫ ߘߐ߬ߝߐ ߓߘߍ߬ߓߘߍ߬ߟߌ ߕߏ߰ߝߏߡߊ ߦߙߌߘߋ߲ ߠߋ߬ ߘߌ߫߸ ߝߊ߬ߙߊ߲߬ߛߌ߬ ߦߋ߫ ߞߊ߲ߓߍ߲ ߛߌ߰ߞߊ߲߬ߠߊ߬ߞߊ ߟߋ߬ ߘߌ߫߸ ߡߍ߲ ߦߋ߫ ߞߊ߲ߕߌ߯ߦߊߟߌ ߕߟߊߒߕߍ ߘߌ߫. ߞߊ߲ߓߍ߲ ߝߊ߬ߘߊ߲߬ߞߊ ߦߋ߫ ߦߋ߲߬ ߞߊ߬ߦߌ߯ ߁߈߇߅ ߟߊ߫߸ <<ߞߊ߲ߠߊߓߌߟߊ߸ ߘߐ߬ߞߢߊ߬ߟߌ߸ ߓߊߘߋ߲ߧߊ>> ߊ߬ ߣߴߊ߬ ߖߏ߲߬ߖߏ߲ ߦߋ߫ ߝߊ߬ߛߏ߬ߟߊ߬ߞߊ ߞߐ߬ߟߐ ߛߊ߬ߓߊ߫ ߟߋ߬ ߘߌ߫߸ (ߓߊ߯ߡߊ߸ ߜߍߡߊ߲߸ ߥߎ߬ߟߋ߲߬ߡߊ߲)߸ ߡߍ߲ ߘߐߛߌ߰ߣߍ߲߫ ߗߜߊߡߊ߫ ߘߐߞߢߊߣߍ߲߫ ߛߓߊ߬ ߘߌ߫߸ ߡߍ߲ (ߥߎ߬ߟߋ߲߬ߡߊ߲ ߣߴߊ߬ ߓߊ߯ߡߊ ߦߋ߫ ߔߊ߬ߙߌ߫ ߞߐ߬ߟߐ ߘߌ߫߸ ߞߵߊ߬ ߜߍߡߊ߲ ߞߍ߫ ߡߊ߲߬ߛߊ ߘߌ߫). ߊ߬ ߞߎ߲߬ߘߐ߲ߞߟߌ ߦߋ߫ ߡߊ߬ߙߑߛߊ߬ߦߌ߬ߞߊ ߘߌ߫߸ ߘߐ߲߬ߞߟߌ ߡߍ߲ ߦߋ߫ ߝߊ߬ߙߊ߲߬ߛߌ߫ ߥߎ߬ߦߊ߲߬ߞߌ߬ߟߌ ߝߓߊ߬ߘߋ߲߬ߧߊ ߗߍߕߊߟߞߊ ߘߌ߫. ߊ߬ ߟߐ߬ߛߋ߲ ߓߊߖߎߟߞߊ ߦߋ߫: <<ߡߌ߬ߙߌ߲߬ߘߌ ߟߊ߫ ߞߎ߲߬ߠߊ߬ߛߌ߮߸ ߞߊ߬ ߝߘߊ߫ ߡߌ߬ߙߌ߲߬ߘߌ ߟߊ߫߸ ߊ߬ ߣߌ߫ ߡߌ߬ߙߌ߲߬ߘߌ ߦߋ߫>>. ߊ߬ ߞߎߓߋߘߊ ߞߍ߫ ߘߊ߫ ߔߊ߬ߙߌ߬ ߘߌ߫ ߊ߬ ߣߴߊ߬ ߞߎ߲߬ߠߊ߬ߛߌ߰ ߞߊ߲ ߞߍ߫ ߘߊ߫ ߝߊ߬ߙߊ߲߬ߛߌ߬ߞߊ߲ ߘߌ߫ ߞߊ߬ߦߌ߯ ߁߅߃߉ ߟߊ߫߸ ߞߵߊ߬ ߞߍ߫ ߟߊ߬ߕߍ߲ ߣߘߐ߬ߓߌߟߊ ߘߌ߫. ߊ߬ ߝߊ߬ߘߊ߲߬ߞߊ ߦߋ߫ ߋߙߏ ߟߋ߬ ߘߌ߫ ߞߊ߬ߦߌ߯ ߂߀߁߂ ߟߴߊ߬ ߞߊ߬ߝߏ ߝߊ߲߬ߓߊ ߟߎ߬ ߘߐ߫߸ ߊ߬ ߣߌ߫ ߖߐ߮ ߟߌ߲ߓߊ߲ ߕߊߡߊ߲߸ ߖߐ߮ ߟߌ߲ߓߊ߲ ߘߎ߰ߞߟߏ ߟߎ߬ ߘߐ߫. ߊ߬ ߞߊ߬ߝߏ ߛߏ߯ߙߏ߫ ߘߊ߫߫ ߞߊ߬ߦߌ߯ ߞߊ߬ߞߘߐ߬ߞߘߐ ߥߎ߬ߛߎ ߞߐߟߊߝߊ߲ ߝߍ߬߸ ߙߐ߭ߡߎ߲߬ ߡߊ߲߬ߛߊ߬ߟߊ ߕߟߋ߬ߓߋ ߥߊ߬ߦߊ ߛߊ߲߭ ߂߀ ߡߊ߬, ߝߊ߬ߙߊ߲߬ߛߌ߫ ߞߵߊ߬ ߕߐ߮ ߛߐ߬ߘߐ߲߬ ߝߑߙߊ߲ߞ ߟߋ߬ ߘߐ߫߸ ߗ߭ߍߙߑߡߊߣߌ߫ (ߖߡߊߣߌ߫) ߡߌ߬ߙߌ߲߬ߘߌ ߡߍ߲ ߠߎ߬ ߣߊ߬ ߘߴߊ߬ߟߎ߬ ߟߊ߫ ߞߊ߬ߝߏ ߡߊߗߍ߲߭ ߙߐ߭ߡߎ߲߬ ߜ߭ߏߟߌ߫ ߘߎ߰ߟߊ ߘߐ߫. ߡߊ߲߬ߛߊ߬ߟߊ ߝߓߊ߬ߟߊ߬ߞߊ ߏ߬ ߛߋ߫ ߘߊ߫ ߞߊ߬ ߞߙߎߝߊ߫ ߕߌ߲߬ߞߎ߬ߘߎ߲߬ߠߊ߬ߞߊ ߘߏ߫ ߛߏ߯ߙߏ߫ ߊ߬ ߡߵߊ߬ ߟߊߡߌߣߌ߲ ߠߎ߬ ߘߐ߫߸ ߞߍ߬ߟߍ ߛߘߊ߫ ߘߐ߫߸ ߓߘߍ߬ߓߘߍ߬ߟߌ ߘߐ߫ ߡߐ߲ߢߐ߲߯ߡߊ߫ ߟߊ߫߸ ߏ߬ ߟߋ ߣߊ߬ ߘߊ߫ ߟߊߓߊ߲߫ ߡߊ߲߬ߕߏ߲߬ ߞߋߟߋ߲߫ ߡߊ߬߸ ߞߎ߲߬ߠߊ߬ߛߌ߰ߟߌ ߟߊ߫ ߛߎ߯ߞߋߟߋ߲ߦߊ ߓߘߍ߬ߓߘߍ߬ߟߌ ߣߌ߫ ߟߐ߲ߣߌ߲ߦߊ߸ ߡߍ߲ ߞߎ߲߬ߠߊ߬ߓߊ߲ ߞߍ߫ ߘߊ߫ ߝߊ߬ߙߊ߲߬ߛߌ߫ ߥߎ߬ߦߊ߲߬ߞߌ߬ߟߌ ߛߋ߲߭ߝߍ߬ ߁߇߈߉ ߟߊ߫߸ ߊ߬ ߣߌ߫ ߞߊ߬ ߥߴߊ߬ ߛߌ߰ ߝߏߋߘߊߟ ߡߙߊ߬ߞߊ߲ ߞߎ߲߬ߘߏ߲ ߠߊ߫. ߞߵߊ߬ ߕߊ߬ ߝߊ߯ߘߐߞߍ߫ ߁߇߲ ߘߊߡߌߣߊ ߡߊ߬߸ ߞߊ߬ ߥߴߊ߬ ߛߌ߰ ߝߊ߯ߘߐߞߍ߫ ߂߀߲ ߕߟߊ߫ ߝߟߐ ߟߊ߫߸ ߊ߬ ߕߘߍ߬ ߦߋ߫ ߡߊ߲߬ߛߊ߬ߟߊ߫ ߦߙߌߥߊߣߍ߲ߓߊ߫ ߟߋ߬ ߘߌ߫ ߥߎ߬ߛߎ ߏ߬ ߞߘߐ߫. ߁߉߅߀ ߝߊ߲߭ ߠߋ߬ ߝߍ߬ ߛߊ߫߸ ߊ߬ ߕߘߍ߬ ߦߋ߫ ߋߙߐߔߎ߬ ߘߍ߭ ߜߙߋ߬ߡߊߕߍ߰ߓߊ߰ ߥߣߊ ߟߋ߬ ߘߌ߫ ߥߎ߬ߛߎ ߏ߬ ߞߘߐ߫. ߊ߬ߟߋ ߟߋ߬ ߦߋ߫ ߘߎߢߊ߫ ߝߕߌ߫ ߝߏߘߏ߲߫ ߝߊ߲ߞߊ ߃߲ ߘߌ߫߸ ߊ߬ ߣߌ߫ ߡߊ߲߬ߕߏ߲߫ ߘߍ߬ߣߍ߲ ߟߊ߬ߞߊ߲߬ߘߊ߬ߟߌ ߟߊ߬ߟߌ߰ߟߌ߬ߟߊ ߅ ߓߟߏߕߍ߰ߓߊߟߌ ߟߎ߬ ߛߌ߲߬ߝߏ߲ ߘߏ߫߸ ߊ߬ ߣߌ߫ ߟ.ߡ.ߞ.ߓ.ߘ (ߟߌ߲ߓߊ߲߫ ߡߊ߲ߞߊ߲ ߞߐ߬ߘߎ߮ ߓߍ߲߬ߓߍ߲ ߢߌ߲߬ߢߐ߲߮) (OTAN) ߛߌ߲߬ߝߏ߲ ߘߏ߫, ߝߊ߬ߙߊ߲߬ߛߌ߬ ߦߋ߫ ߞ߇ (G7) ߛߌ߲߬ߝߏ߲ ߘߌ߫߸ ߞ߂߀ (G20) ߛߌ߲߬ߝߏ߲ ߘߌ߫߸ ߋߙߏ ߕߌ߲߬ߞߎߘߎ߲߸ ߛ߭ߍ߲ߜ߭ߍ߲ ߞߣߍ߸ ߌ߲ߘߌ߫ ߟߌ߲ߓߊ߲ ߘߍ߬ߘߊ߸ ߖߐ߮ ߟߌ߲ߓߊ߲ ߘߍ߬ߘߊ߸ ߋߙߐߔߎ߬ ߘߍ߭ ߟߊ߬ߟߌ߰ߟߌ ߝߊ߲ ߦߋ߫ ߦߋ߲߬ ߠߋ߸ ߊ߬ ߣߌ߫ ߡ.ߟ.ߛ.ߟ.ߟ.ߟ ߏ߬ ߟߋ ߞߏߛߐ߲߬ ߊ߬ ߣߌ߬ߣߌ߬ߣߍ߲߬ ߦߋ߫ ߓߘߍ߬ߓߘߍ߬ߟߌ ߡߊ߬ߘߎ߮ ߘߐ߫߸ ߡߊ߬ߞߐ߬ߙߐ߲߬ߞߐ߬ߙߐ߲߬ߠߌ߲ ߘߐ߫߸ ߣߊ߲߬ߕߌ߰ߦߊ ߣߌ߫ ߟߐ߲ߣߌ߲ߦߊ߸ ߋߙߐߔߎ߬ ߞߣߐ߫߸ ߊ߬ ߣߌ߫ ߘߎߢߊ߫ ߝߊ߲߭ ߕߐ߭ ߟߎ߬ ߘߐ߫. ߊ߬ ߞߋߟߋ߲߫ ߠߋ߬ ߦߋ߫ ߖߡߊ߬ߣߊ߬ ߘߌ߫ ߘߎߢߊ߫ ߘߐ߫߸ ߡߍ߲ ߞߵߊ߬ ߟߊ߫ ߡߊ߲߬ߕߎ߬ߙߋ߬ߦߊ ߛߐ߬ߘߐ߲߬ ߞߐ߰ߖߌ߫ ߛߓߊ߬ ߟߎ߫ ߘߊ ߟߊ߫߸ ߊ߬ ߣߴߊ߬ ߛߌ߰ߣߍ߲߬ ߦߋ߫ ߜߙߋ߫ ߂ ߞߊ߲߬߸ ߊ߬ ߦߋ߫ ߟߐ߬ߘߎ߰ ߓߟߋߓߟߋ ߟߋ߬ ߝߊ߫ ߟߊ߫ ߘߎߢߊ߫ ߘߐ߫ ߓߘߍ߬ߓߘߍ߬ߟߌ ߞߎ߲߭ ߠߊ߫߸ ߊ߬ ߟߊ߫ ߟߊ߬ߛߌ߰ߘߋ߲ ߠߎ߬ ߣߴߊ߬ ߟߊ߫ ߓߐߓߊ߯ߞߎ߲ߕߌ߯ߦߊ ߟߎ߬ ߘߐߥߊ߬ߙߊ ߞߏߛߐ߲߬߸ ߊ߬ߟߋ ߟߋ߬ ߦߋ߫ ߘߎߢߊ߫ ߝߌߟߊߣߊ߲ ߘߌ߫ ߞߊ߬ߝߏ߫ ߘߍ߬ߣߍ߲ ߞߐ߫߸ ߊ߬ ߟߊ߫ ߣߊ߲߬ߕߌ߰ ߘߊ߮ ߦߋ߫ ߜߙߋ ߓߍ߯ ߞߊ߲߬. ߝߊ߬ߙߊ߲߬ߛߌ߬ ߟߋ߬ ߦߋ߫ ߞߐ߰ߖߌ߬ߞߊ߲߬ߠߊ ߡߊ߬ߞߐ߬ߙߐ߲߬ߞߐ߬ߙߐ߲߬ߠߌ߲ ߘߎ߲߬ߘߎ߬ߡߊ߬ߦߊ ߕߌ߲߬ߞߎ߬ߘߎ߲߬ ߝߌߟߊߣߊ߲ ߘߌ߫ ߞߌߢߍ߲߫ ߞߣߐ߫߸ ߡߍ߲ ߘߐ߫ ߣߴߊ߬ ߘߐߥߙߊ߬ߣߍ߲߫ ߜߙߋ ߟߎ߬ ߝߏ߲ߝߊ߲ ߠߎ߬ ߞߣߐ߫߸ ߞߎߘߍ߫ ߝߘߎ߬ߓߍ߲߫ ߅߇߉ ߀߀߀ ߖߊ߬ߕߋ߬ ߟߊ߫ ߂߀߁߅ ߟߊ߫߸ ߊ߬ߟߋ ߟߋ߬ ߦߋ߫ ߞߊ߬ߝߏ߬ ߝߟߐ ߘߌ߫ ߘߎߢߊ߫ ߞߣߐ߫ ߞߊ߬ ߓߍ߲߬ ߊ߬ ߟߊ߫ ߞߐ߰ߖߌ߬ ߘߐ߬ߟߊ ߘߌ߲߬ߞߌߙߊ ߟߎ߬ ߓߐߢߐ߲߰ߡߊ ߡߊ߬߸ ߊ߬ ߣߌ߫ ߣߌߡߊ ߟߎ߬ ߓߐߢߐ߲߰ߡߊ ߘߐ߫. ߞ.ߥ.ߢ ߕߐ߯ߟߊߟߌ (ߞߣߐߟߊ ߥߟߏߒߘߐ ߢߊ߲ߞߌߛߊ߲) ߞߏ ߞߎ߲߭ ߠߊ߫߸ ߝߊ߬ߙߊ߲߬ߛߌ߬ ߕߊ ߦߋ߫ ߘߏߟߊ߯ߙ ߥߟߎ߬ߡߊ߬ ߂ ߇߇߅ ߟߋ߬ ߘߌ߫ ߂߀߁߈ ߠߊ߫߸ ߘߎߢߊ߫ ߣߊ߲߬ߝߟߏ߬ߞߏ ߖߎ߬ߕߍ߮ (ߘ.ߣ.ߖ) ߕߊ߫ ߝߐߟߌ߫ ߘߐ߫߸ ߞߏ߫ ߝߊ߬ߙߊ߲߬ߛߌ߫ ߟߋ߬ ߦߋ߫ ߋߙߐߔߎ߬ ߡߊ߬ߞߐ߬ߙߐ߲߬ߞߐ߬ߙߐ߲߬ߠߌ߲ ߛߓߊߣߊ߲ ߘߌ߫ ߊߟߏߡߊߘߎ߯ ߣߌ߫ ߡߊ߲߬ߛߊ߬ߟߊ߫ ߘߍ߬ߣߍ߲ ߠߎ߬ ߞߕߐ߫߸ ߞߌߢߍ߲߫ ߡߊ߬ߞߐ߬ߙߐ߲߬ߞߐ߬ߙߐ߲߬ߠߌ߲ ߥߐ߯ߙߐߣߊ߲ ߘߌ߫. ߊ߬ ߟߊ߫ ߖߊ߯ߓߊ߯ߕߐߦߊ ߘߊ߬ߡߊ ߡߊߦߟߍ߬ ߞߏ߬ߖߎ߮ ߣߴߊ߬ ߕߊ߫߸ ߊ߬ ߟߊ߫ ߢߣߊߡߦߊ ߞߊߓߋ ߡߊߦߟߍ߬ߣߍ߲߬ߓߊ ߟߋ߬ ߦߋ߫ (IDH ߟߊ߫ ߛߙߊߛߌ߯ߟߌ ߘߐ߫ (߂߄߲)߸ ߂߀߁߈ ߠߊ߫)߸ ߊ߬ ߦߋ߫ ߘߎߢߊ߫ ߥߊ߬ߣߊ ߘߏ߫ ߟߋ߬ ߘߌ߫ ߛߍ߬ߣߍ ߣߌ߫ ߛߎ߬ߡߊ߲ ߞߏ ߘߐ߫߸ ߛߊ߲ߡߊߞߎߟߎ߲ߞߏ ߘߐ߫߸ ߞߐ߲߬ߛߏ߬ ߞߏ ߘߐ߫߸ ߜߛߋߓߊ߯ߦߊ ߘߐ߫߸ ߞߎ߲ߝߊ߲ߓߐߟߌ ߘߐ߫߸ ߊ߬ ߣߌ߫ ߘߐ߬ߞߌߛߍ ߘߐ߫. ߝߊ߬ߙߊ߲߬ߛߌ߫ ߛߌ߰ߓߊ߮ ߕߘߍ߬ ߦߋ߫ ߡߐ߱ ߞߋ߲߬ߥߟߎ߬ ߆߇.߂ ߟߋ߬ ߘߌ߫߸ ߓߌ߲ߠߊߥߎߟߋ߲ ߠߊ߫ ߂߀߁߈ ߠߊ߫߸ ߏ߬ ߟߎ߬ ߘߐ߫ ߆߅ ߀߁߈ ߀߀߀ ߦߋ߫ ߝߊ߬ߙߊ߲߬ߛߌ߫ ߖߍ߬ߘߍ ߘߐ߫߸ ߊ߬ ߕߐ߬ ߂ ߁߆߉ ߀߀߀ ߟߎ߬ ߦߋ߫ ߞߐ߰ߖߌ߬ߘߐ߬ ߕߌ߲ߞߎߘߎ߲ ߠߎ߬ ߘߐ߫. ߊ߬ ߕߐ߬ ߆߀߈ ߂߀߀ ߟߎ߬ ߦߋ߫ ߞߐ߰ߖߌ ߢߊ ߘߏ ߟߎ߬ ߞߊ߲߬߸ ߊ߬ ߣߌ߫ ߞߊߟߋߘߏߣߌ߫-ߞߎߘߊ߫. ߊ߬ߟߋ ߟߋ߬ ߦߋ߫ ߋߙߐߔߎ߬ ߘߍ߭ ߖߡߊ߬ߣߊ߬ ߝߌߟߊߣߊ߲ ߘߌ߫ ߛߌ߰ߓߊ߮ ߟߊߛߌߦߊߦߊ ߘߐ߫ ߊߟߏߡߊߘߎ߯ ߞߕߐ߫߸ ߝߊ߬ߙߊ߲߬ߛߌ߫ ߟߋ߬ ߦߋ߫ ߋߙߐߔߎ߬ ߘߍ߭ ߖߡߊ߬ߣߊ ߓߍ߯ ߘߐ߫ ߓߟߋ߬ߓߟߋ ߘߌ߫߸ ߋߙߐߔߎ߬ ߜߙߋ ߖߡߊ߬ߣߊ߬ ߛߓߊߣߊ߲ ߘߌ߫ ߥߊ߬ߙߊ ߘߐ߫. ߊ߬ ߟߊ߫ ߟߐ߲ߣߌ߲ߦߊ ߣߴߊ߬ ߟߊ߫ ߛߏߡߐ߮ߦߊ ߟߎ߬ ߖߍ߲ߛߍ߲߫ ߣߍ߲߫ ߦߋ߫ ߝߊ߬ߙߊ߲߬ߛߌ߬ߞߊ߲߬ߝߐ߬ ߖߡߊߣߊ ߟߎ߬ ߓߍ߯ ߟߊ߫ ߘߎߢߊ߫ ߝߊ߲߭ ߓߍ߯߸ ߏ߬ ߟߎ߬ ߝߣߊ߫ ߘߟߊߘߍ߰ߣߍ߲߬ ߦߋ߫ ߝߊ߬ߙߊ߲߬ߛߌ߬ߞߊ߲߬ߝߐ߬ߟߊ ߟߎ߬ ߟߊ߫ ߡߊ߲߬ߕߏ߲߬ߕߍ ߘߍ߭ ߘߐ߫. ߝߊ߬ߙߊ߲߬ߛߌ߬ ߞߊ߲ ߦߋ߫ ߟߊߓߊ߯ߙߊ߫ ߟߊ߫ ߝߊ߲߬ ߛߌߦߊߡߊ߲߫ ߘߐ߫ ߕߍߓߊ߯ߦߊ߫ ߞߊ߲ ߘߌ߫߸ ߊ߬ߟߋ ߟߋ߬ ߦߋ߫ ߛߌ߲ߡߌ߲ߞߊ߲ ߝߌߟߊߣߊ߲ ߘߌ߫ ߡߍ߲ ߠߎ߬ ߦߋ߫ ߝߐ߫ ߟߊ߫ ߓߍ߯ ߘߌ߫߸ ߊ߬ ߣߌ߫ ߘߎߢߊ߫ ߞߊ߲ ߠߎ߬ ߘߐ߫ ߖߍ߲ߛߍ߲ߣߍ߲ ߘߏ߫. ߊ߬ ߦߋ߫ ߘߎߢߊ߫ ߞߎ߲߬ߠߊ߬ߛߌ߰ ߞߊ߲߬ ߆ ߟߎ߬ ߘߏ߫ ߟߋ߬ ߘߌ߫߸ ߊ߬ ߦߋ߫ ߓߊ߯ߙߊ߫ ߞߊ߲ ߝߌߟߊߣߊ߲ ߠߋ߬ (ߊ߲߬ߜ߭ߌߟߋ ߝߍ߬) ߘߌ߫ ߡߊ߲߬ߕߏ߲ ߘߍ߬ߣߍ߲ ߛߌ߲߬ߝߏ߲߬ߧߊ߬ߟߌ ߘߐ߫߸ ߡߊ߲߬ߕߏ߲߬ߕߍ ߏߟߊ߲ߔߌߞ ߘߍ߬ߘߊ ߞߎ߲߬ߠߊ߬ߛߌ߰ ߞߊ߲ ߝߌߟߊߣߊ߲߸ ߊ߬ ߣߌ߫ ߡߊ߲߬ߕߏ߲߬ߕߍ ߛߌ߲߬ߝߏ߲߬ߧߊ߬ߟߌ ߛߌߦߊߡߊ߲߫ ߞߎ߲߬ߠߊ߬ߛߌ߰ ߞߊ߲ ߥߟߊ߫ ߓߊ߯ߙߊ߫ ߞߊ߲߸ ߥߟߊ߫ ߕߌ߲߬ߞߎ߬ߘߎ߲߬ߠߊ߬ߞߊ ߟߎ߬ ߕߊ. ߝߊ߬ߙߊ߲߬ߛߌ߬ ߞߊ߲ ߦߋ߫ ߋߙߐߔߎ߬ ߘߍ߭ ߓߊ߯ߙߊ߫ ߞߊ߲ ߛߊ߬ߓߊ ߟߎ߬ ߘߏ߫ ߟߋ߬ ߘߌ߫߸ ߊ߲߬ߜ߭ߌߟߋ ߣߌ߫ ߊߟߏߡߊ߲ ߠߎ߬ ߞߐ߫.
ߘߎ߰ߡߊ߬ߛߓߍߊ߬ ߡߊߦߟߍ߬ߡߊ߲߫
ߝߊ߬ߙߊ߲߬ߛߌ߫ ߝߊ߲߭ ߡߍ߲ ߦߴߋߙߐߔߎ߬ ߘߐ߫߸ ߏ߬ ߦߋ߫ ߞߟߌ߫ ߟߊ߫ ߟߋ߬ ߞߏ߫ ߝߊ߬ߙߊ߲߬ߛߌ߬ ߞߎߓߋߟߊ߫. ߊ߬ ߦߋ߫ ߋߙߐߔߎ߬ ߕߟߋ߬ߓߋ ߞߐߞߘߐߟߊ ߟߋ߬ ߘߐ߫߸ ߊ߬ ߓߐߕߏ߲ߞߏ ߥߘߊ߫ ߞߍ߫ ߡߊ߬ߦߟߍ߬ߡߊ߲߬ߓߊߟߌ ߘߌ߫ ߞߊ߬ߦߌ߯ ߖߊ߯ߓߊ߫ ߞߟߍ߫ ߝߌߟߊߣߊ߲ ߓߊ߲߫ ߕߎߡߊ ߟߊ߫߸ ߊ߬ ߣߌ߫ ߔߊ߬ߙߌ߫ ߓߍ߲߬ߓߍ߲ ߞߐ߫ ߁߉߄߇ ߟߊ߫. ߊ߬ ߓߐߣߍ߲߫ ߦߋ߫ ߞߐ߬ߘߎ߮ ߞߐ߰ߖߌ ߟߊ߫ ߞߐ߬ߘߎ߮ ߘߐ߫߸ ߡߊ߲ߛ߭ ߟߊ߫ ߞߐ߬ߘߎ߮-ߕߟߋ߬ߓߋ ߘߐ߫߸ ߟߌ߲ߓߊ߲߫ ߡߊ߲ߞߊ߲ ߠߊ߫ ߕߟߋ߬ߓߋ ߘߐ߫߸ ߊ߬ ߣߌ߫ ߕߍߡߊ߫ ߞߐ߯ߖߌ ߟߊ߫ ߥߙߏ߬ߘߎ߮-ߕߟߋ߬ߓߐ ߘߐ߫. ߓߐߕߏ߲ ߦߴߊ߬ ߣߌ߫ ߓߍߟߑߗ߭ߌߞ ߣߌ߫ ߟߎߞߑߛߍ߲ߓߎߙߜ߭ ߟߎ߫ ߕߍ߫ ߞߐ߬ߘߎ߮-ߕߟߋ߬ߓߐ ߘߐ߫߸ ߊߟߏߡߊߘߎ߯ ߣߌ߫ ߛߑߥߌߛ ߟߎ߫ ߕߍ߫ ߕߟߋ߬ߓߐ ߘߐ߫߸ ߌߕߊߟߌ߫ ߣߌ߫ ߡߏߣߊߞߏ߫ ߟߎ߫ ߕߍ߫ ߥߟߏ߬ߘߎ߮-ߕߟߋ߬ߓߐ ߘߐ߫߸ ߊ߬ ߣߴߊߛߑߔߊ߲߫ ߣߌ߫ ߊ߲ߘߐ߯ߙ ߟߎ߫ ߕߍ߫ ߥߙߏ߬ߘߎ߯-ߕߟߋ߬ߓߋ ߘߐ߫.