ߞߊ߲ߟߐ߲ߘߐߦߊ ߛߌ߬ߣߍ߬ߡߊ
ߞߊ߲ ߠߎ߬ ߟߊߢߐ߲߯ߡߊ ߞߊ߲ߟߐ߲ߘߐߦߊ
ߞߊ߲ߟߐ߲ߘߐߦߊ ߛߌ߬ߣߍ߬ߡߊ (Contrastive linguistics) ߦߋ߫ ߞߊ߲ߟߐ߲ߘߐߦߊ ߓߟߏߦߕߊ ߞߍߞߌߦߊ ߟߋ߬ ߘߌ߫ ߸ ߡߍ߲ ߠߊ߫ ߓߊ߯ߙߊ ߦߋ߫ ߞߊ߲߫ ߝߌ߬ߟߊ ߥߟߊ߫ ߛߌߦߊߡߊ߲߫ ߟߊ ߘߌ߫ ߢߐ߲߮ ߡߊ߬ ߸ ߡߍ߲ ߠߎ߬ ߕߍ߫ ߟߊ߲߬ߓߋ߬ ߟߊ߫ ߛߎ߲߫ (ߞߐߙߍ) ߞߋߟߋ߲߫ ߠߊ߫، ߞߵߊ߬ߟߎ߫ ߓߍ߲߬ߢߐ߲߰ߡߊ߬ ߝߊ߲߬ ߣߴߊ߬ߟߎ߬ ߓߐߢߐ߲߯ߡߊ߫ ߝߊ߲߬ ߠߎ߫ ߦߌ߬ߘߊ߬، ߏ߬ ߟߋ ߞߏߛߐ߲߬ ߸ ߊ߬ ߦߋ߫ ߞߟߌ߫ ߟߊ߫ ߞߏ߫ ߞߊ߲ߟߐ߲ߘߐߦߊ ߢߐ߲߯ߕߐߡߊ.
ߞߊ߲ߟߐ߲ߘߐߦߊ ߛߌ߬ߣߍ߬ߡߊ
| ߦߌߟߡߊߓߏߟߏ߲ | abbreviation, derivation, ߦߌ߬ߘߊ߬ߥߟߊ  |
|---|---|
| ߛߌ߬ߣߊ | expanded contraction |
| ߥߞߌ-ߘߕߊ ߘߎ߲߬ߘߎ߬ߡߊ | combines lexemes |